Across Western countries, public debates over migration and migration policy are becoming increasingly heated, political, and, unfortunately, inaccurate. Educating ourselves on policies, laws, processes, and then sharing that information with others can help build a more honest narrative.
In November and December 2024, RPM Academy organized two educational events focused on global and EU migration, asylum law, and international law, covering key definitions and concepts. Delving deeper, our guest lecturers closely examined the new European Pact on Migration and Asylum as well as the Dutch government’s plan in brief. In this article, we aim to support and further elaborate on these lectures, sharing with our readers the insights we have gathered.
To begin, it is important to examine the meaning of the term “migrant.” In the global context, a migrant is defined as a person who moves across an international border (international migration) or within a state (internal migration) for more than one year, regardless of the reasons for migration and the means used. There is no universally accepted legal definition for “migrant”.
Under international law, specific rules exist for different types of migrants, including migrant workers, victims of human trafficking or migrant smuggling, and refugees.
The ILO defines a “migrant worker” as a person who migrates, or has migrated, from one country to another, with a view to being employed by someone other than him/herself. This includes any person regularly admitted, as a migrant, for employment.
“Labor migration” typically involves sending countries (where migrants come from) and destination or host countries (where migrants head towards).
“Migrant Smuggling” is the facilitation, for financial or other material gain, of irregular entry into a country where the migrant is not a national or resident.
On the other hand, a “refugee” is someone who has been forced to flee his or her country because of persecution, war or violence. A refugee has a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a particular social group. Most likely, they cannot return home or are afraid to do so.
The terms “migrant” and “refugee” are often used interchangeably, but it is important to distinguish between them as there is a legal difference. Having clarified these general definitions, we aim to quash some common misunderstandings and misconceptions about migration and provide information to enhance understanding.
| Fancy Slogans | Facts |
| “Mass migration exists” | International migrants have consistently made up about 3% of the global population over the past century |
| “A mass migration crisis is there” | Refugees make up a VERY small fraction of the population in most European countries |
| “Migrants steal jobs.” | Migrants fill labour shortages and contribute to economic growth: they fill demand in the labour market |
| “More development means less migration” | Economic development initially leads to more migration as people gain resources to move (Migration Hump) |
While many believe migration policies are becoming stricter, the reality in most countries is quite the opposite. In many countries, mainstream political parties that historically advocated for stricter immigration policies are recognizing the economic and social benefits of immigration. While the rise of populist and far-right parties that prioritize anti-immigrant policies can give the impression that overall migration policies are hardening, their influence may be countered by centrist or left-leaning parties that promote more liberal immigration policies.
The idea that restrictions will reduce immigration is also misleading, since such measures may result in more migrants seeking permanent residency as a way to secure their status.
Additionally, migrants alone cannot solve demographic challenges, as the numbers needed to balance population ratios are far greater than current migration figures. As population dynamics are specific and complex, there are limitations to migration as a standalone solution.
As for the notion that refugees and immigrants bring detrimental culture, ideology, or ideas, research consistently shows that the majority of immigrants desire safety, freedom, rights, and opportunity for themselves and their family.
Despite the prevalence of myths, it is crucial to rely on evidence-based data for informed discussion and debate.
This article was written by Fatima Khalife and edited by Alaïa Lafleur. Photos by Alaïa Lafleur and Héléna Clinckart
